وصف الراوي بـ"الشيطان" وما اختلف فيه في الوصف عند النقاد
[The Description of a Narrator as ‘al-Shayṭān’ and the Differences among the Critics]
Abstract
This study aims to examine one of the rare expressions used in the science of al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (criticism and validation of narrators), namely describing a narrator with the term “al-shayṭān” (the devil). The research explores its meanings and connotations among the critics, and how its usage varied between contexts of criticism and contexts of validation. It further investigates the narrators who were characterized with this term and analyzes the critical positions concerning them, in order to reveal the impact of such a description on the acceptance or rejection of a narration. The researcher employed a comprehensive inductive methodology by surveying the classical biographical and critical works, in addition to peer-reviewed scholarly studies, to establish a precise methodological understanding of this term. This study seeks to enrich the field of al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl by highlighting a rarely used critical term and demonstrating its significance in the evaluative process of narrators.
Downloads
References
Al-Ajlī, A. b. A. b. S. A. (1985). Ma'rifat al-Thiqat (The Knowledge of the Trustworthy). Edited by A. A. Al-Bastawi. Al-Madina al-Munawwara: Maktabat al-Dar.
Al-Awda, T. b. A. b. A. (2014). Wasf al-Naqid lil-Rawi bi Shaytan aw Jinni wa Dalalatihi 'ala al-Jarh aw al-Ta'dil (The Critic's Description of a Narrator as a Shaytan or Jinni and Its Implications for Jarh or Ta'dil). Majallat al-Dirasat al-Islamiyya (Journal of Islamic Studies), 26(2), Riyadh.
Al-Baghdadi, A. b. A. A. (n.d.). Tarikh Baghdad (The History of Baghdad). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Al-Dhahabi, M. b. A. b. U. (1985). Siyar A'lam al-Nubala (Biographies of the Noble Figures). Edited by Shu'aib al-Arna'ut et al. 3rd ed. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risala.
Al-Dhahabi, M. b. A. b. U. (1998). Tadhkirat al-Huffaz (The Memorandum of the Hadith Preservers). Annotated by Zakaria Umayrat. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Al-Duri, Q. A. R., Al-Alyan, R. M., & Al-Rawi, K. F. (2015). Ulum al-Hadith wa Nusous min al-Athar (The Sciences of Hadith and Texts from the Tradition). 1st ed. Beirut: Kitab Nashirun.
Al-Ghouri, S. A. (2012). Mu'jam al-Mustalahat al-Hadithiyya (Dictionary of Hadith Terminology). Selangor: Institute of Hadith Studies, Dar Al-Shakir.
Al-Hafiz, A. b. A. b. H. al-‘Asqalani (1986). Lisan al-Mizan (The Tongue of the Scale). Edited by Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Nizamiyya. 3rd ed. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-A'lam al-Matbu'at.
Al-Jawzi, A. b. A. b. M. b. J. (1406 AH). Al-Du'afa' wa al-Matrukin (The Weak and Abandoned Narrators). Edited by Abdullah al-Qadi. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Al-Khamsan, A. bint F. b. B. (2022). Dalalat Alfaz al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil al-Tajadhubiyya 'Ind al-A'imma al-Naqqad: Tawil al-Lisan, Shaytan - Anmudhajan (Analytical Comparative Study). Journal of Al-Baha University for Humanities, 8(30), July.
Al-Lalakai, A. b. H. b. M. al-Tabari al-Razi (2003). Sharh Usul I'tiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah (Explanation of the Fundamentals of the Creed of the People of the Sunnah and the Community). Edited by Ahmad b. Sa'ad b. Hamdan al-Ghamdi. 8th ed. Saudi Arabia: Dar Taybah.
Al-Mizzi, Y. b. A. (1992). Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal (The Refinement of Perfection in the Names of Men). Edited by Bashar ‘Awwad Ma'ruf. 1st ed. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risala.
Al-Otaibi, M. Z. (2021). Turuq Ma‘rifat Ma‘ani Alfaz al-Jarh wa al-Ta‘dil (Methods of Understanding the Meanings of Jarh and Ta‘dil Terms). Al-Fara'id Journal for Islamic and Arabic Studies, Al-Azhar University.
Al-Sa’d, M. b. S. b. M. (n.d.). Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (The Great Classes). Beirut: Dar Sader.
Awad, M. A. (2024). Ba‘d Alfaz al-Jarh wa al-Ta‘dil al-Nadira wa al-Ruwat al-Mawsufun Biha (Some Rare Terms of Jarh and Ta‘dil and the Narrators Described by Them). Al-Qalam Journal for Humanities and Applied Sciences, 11(43), May-June.
Ibn Adi, A. b. A. al-Jurjani (1997). Al-Kamil fi Du'afa' al-Rijal (The Complete Work on Weak Narrators). Edited by Adel Ahmad Abdul-Mawjood, Ali Muhammad Mu'awwad, and Abd al-Fattah Abu Suna. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Ibn Hibban, M. b. H. b. A. (1975). Al-Thiqat (The Trustworthy Narrators). Edited by Al-Sayyid Sharaf al-Din. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn ‘Amir al-Asbahi al-Madani. (2004). Al-Muwatta (Edited by Muhammad Mustafa al-A‘zami). 1st ed. Abu Dhabi: Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Charitable and Humanitarian Foundation, Vol. 1, p. 242.
Websites
Almaany. (n.d.). Al-Shaytan. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/
Al-Sulaymani, M. (2009). Ma ma'na qawlihim: "Fulan la yusal 'anhu" wa "Fulan shaytan" wa "Fulan liss" wa "Fulan munkar"? Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://sulaymani.net/?p=2106
Center for Computer Research in Islamic Sciences. (n.d.). Al-Shaytan. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://quran.inoor.ir/ar/propername/173
Habr Al-Islam. (2024, July). Mada Siha Qal Hammad bin Salamah: Abu Hanifa istaqbal al-athar wa al-sunan fa raddaha bi ra'yihi. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://www.islamink.com/2024/07/blog-post_33.html
Islamweb. (n.d.). Al-maqsood bi shayateen al-jinn wal-ins. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/76822
Copyright (c) 2025 HADIS
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A notification will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article.
Also, this work is licenced under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
